informacia sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb gansxvavebuli wyaroebisgan momdinareobs. sakuTari Tavis
Sesaxeb codna zogjer SeiZleba spontanuri iyos imis codnis gareSe Tu saidan modis es
rwmena. magram Cveulebriv Cven SegviZlia im wyaroebis idntifikacia Tu saidan modis is infor-
macia romlidanac yalibdeba codna sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb. es wyaroebia:
socializacia _ sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb Cveni codnis umetesoba momdinareobs socializaciidan.
bavSvobidan Cven garkveuli maneriT gvepyrobian mSoblebi, maswavleblebi, megobrebi.
vmonawileobT kulturul eTnikur, da religiur aqtiobebSi _ romlebic mogvianebiT TviT Cveni
mniSvnelovani aspeqtebi xdebian. erTi sityviT yoveli maTgani gansazRvravs Cvens identurobas.
amdenad, socializacia ayalibebs Cveni adreuli gamocdilebis birTvs, romlis gaSinaganeba
xdeba rogorc me koncefciis mniSvnelovani aspeqti.
refleqsirebuli Sefaseba _ Cveni Tavis Sesaxeb codnas Cven vigebT im reaqciebidan rac aqvs
sxva adamianebs Cvenze. kulim (C. H. Qooly-1902) SemogvTavaza `sarkisebuli mes~ (Looking –glass self)
cneba rac gulisxmobs imas, rom adamianebi aRiqvaven Tavis Tavs rogorc sxvebi aRiqvaven da
reagireben masze. Cvens percepcias, Tu rogor reagireben sxvebi Cvenze, uwodeben re-
fleqsirebul Sefasebas. saintereso da originaluri kvleviT boifinma da misma kolegebma,
TvalsaCino gaxades `refleqsirebuli Sefasebis~ mniSvneloba. kvlevaSi kaTolike studentebi
aTvaliereben mRvdlis anu ucnobi individis gabrazebuli saxis suraTebs. Semdeg studentebs
Txovdnen SeefasebinaT TavianTi zogierTi pirovnuli Tvisebebi. Sedegebi miuTiTeben rom
praqtikosi kaTolikebi romlebsac Sesafaseblad awvdidnen gabrazebuli mRvdlis suraTebs Ta-
vianT Tavs afasebdnen ufro mkacrad vidre arapraqtikosi kaTolikebi, romlebsac Sesa-
faseblad awvdidnen MmRvdlis suraTs an kaTolikebs romlebsac Sesafasebled awvdidnen
ucnobi individis suraTs. kvlevis avtorebi varaudobdnen , rom swored gabrazebuli mRvdlis
suraTis xSiri yureba sakmarisi aRmoCnda me-s imijis gamosawvevad.
ukukavSiri sxvebidan. varaudoben ,rom xSirad garSemo myofi adamianebi aSkara ukukavSirs
gvaZleven CvenTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebebis Sesaxeb. es procesi xSirad iwyeba socializaci-
is procesTan erTad, rodesac mSoblebi eubnebian Svilebs Tu rogori musikaluri smena aqvT
maT, an nu arian ase morcxvebi ucxoebTan, rom maTematikaSi arc Tu ise Zlierebi arian. zoga-
dad , rom vTqvaT arsebobs myari urTierToba Tu ras fiqroben mSoblebi bavSvebis unarebis
Sesaxeb da amave ganzomilebaSi me _ koncefcias Soris. gviani bavSvobasa da adreul axal-
gazrdobaSi mniSvnelovani xdeba ukukavSiri Tanatolebidan. SemdgomSi Cndeba ukukavSiris ax-
ali wyaroebi da a.S. saerTo jamSi aRmoCnda rom adamianebi did mniSvnelobas aniWeben
ukukavSirebs roca saqme exeba maT pirovnul atributebs. obieqturi ukukavSiri imdenad mniS-
vnelovani aRmoCnda, rom is ganixileba ufro samarTliani da naklebad mcdari vidre pirovnu-
li azri. amdenad miuTiTeben rom sxvebis azri mxedvelobaSi misaRebia gansakuTrebiT Tu es
azri adamianebis didi raodenobis mieraa ganawilebuli. es gvafiqrebinebs rom aseTi bevris
mier ganawilebuli azri WeSmaritia.
TviTaRqma. rogorc bemis `TviTaRqmis~ Teoriis ganxilvisas vnaxeT, adamianebi TavianTi pi-
rovnuli Tvisebebis Sesaxeb askvnian agreTve sakuTari qcevaze dakvirvebidan. Tumca, rogorc
amas bemis `TviTaRqmis~ Teoria varaudobs sakuTari codnis es wyaro SeiZleba sasargeblo iyos
sakuTari me-s im aspeqtebisaTvis romlebic gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobiT da centralurobiT
ar gamoirCevian. rogorc bemi aRniSnavs Cven ar gvWirdeba davakvirdeT Cvens qcevas Tu rogor
varCevT yavavilebs dedis dabadebis dRisaTvis raTa davaskvnaT rom deda gviyvars. sakuTari mes
– mraval mniSvnelovan aspeqtebs aqvT naTeli Sinagani referentuloba rwmenebis, ganwyobebis
da afeqturi upiratesobis miniWebis formiT. amdenad , varaudoben , rom TviT _ aRqma , rogorc
sakuTari Tavis codnis wyaro pirvel rigSi gulisxmobs mes – metnaklebad SemTxveviT
aspeqtebs.
gansxvavebuloba. me_koncefciaze Zlier gavlenas axdenen agreTve faqtorebi , romliTac indi- videbi gansxvavdebian sxvebisagan . magaliTad erT erT kvlevaSi studentebs Txoves moeTxroT
sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb (`gviambeT Tqvens Sesaxeb~.) aRmoCnda rom studentebi xSirad miuTiTeben
TavianT TavSi iseT aspeqtebze, riTac isini sxvebisgan gansxvavdebodnen. biWebi ufro amJRavneb-
denen temdencias mieTiTebianT im faqtze rom arian biWebi, Tu is ojaxSi aris erTaderTi biWi.
Tu subieqt gogonas yavs sami da aRmoCnda, rom aseT SemTxvevaSi is iSviaTad miuTiTebs rom is
aris gogona. amasTan aRmoCnda,rom Cvens TavSi mivuTiTebT iseT rameze rac gansxvavebuls
gvxdis sxvebisgan konkretul situaciaSi. ase mag. afro_amerikuli qali ufro miuTiTebs , rom
is aris afro amerikuli Tu jgufSi SedarebiT mcire raodenobis afro amerikelia . maSin
rocaa is ufro xSirad usvams xazs im faqts rom is aris qali , Tu is aris jgufis wevri sa-
dac umetesoba mamakacia.
socialuri Sedareba. roca gvsurs Cveni Tavis Sefaseba konkretul ganzomilebaSi an TvisebaSi
xSirad informacia ar aris xelmisawvdomi. mag. Tu gvsurs gavigoT ramdenad kargi moWadrakeebi
varT , ar arsebobs testi romelic amas gazomavs. aseT situaciaSi Cvens pirovnul Tvisebebs
vafasebT Cveni Tavis sxvasTan SedarebiT. am process uwodeben socialur Sedarebas. amasTan
aRmoCnda rom SedarebisaTvis viyenebT metnaklebad Cvens msgavs sxvas. mag. Tu gvsurs gavigoT
Tu ramdenad kargad viciT Wadrakis TamaSi, Sesadarebel partniorad virCevT daaxloebiT Cvens
msgavs sxvas, daaxloebiT Cvenive donis moTamaSes. Tu Sesafaseblad avirCieT Cvengan Zalian
gansxvavebuli sxva SefasebaSi ueWvelad SevcdebiT.
socialuri identuroba. socialuri idneturoba aris me_koncefciis mniSvnelovani nawili, ro-
melic mimdinareobs individis jgufis (an jgufebis) wevrobidan, Rirebulebisa da emocionalur
mniSvnelobasTan erTad, romelic dakavSirebulia jgufis wevrobasTan. es jgufi SeiZleba iyos
ojaxi , megobrebi, religiuri an eTnikuri jgufi romelic aSuqebs da amtkicebs mes mniSvnelo-
van aspeqtebs. bavSvobaSi, jgufi romlis wevricaa is, ganixileba rogorc socializaciis na-
wili. adamiani ibadeba ojaxSi garkveuli eTnikur da zogjer religiur jgufSi. individi
rogorc mozrdili, atributebs, romelsac is Rirebulad Tvlis miyavs iqamde, rom irCevs wev-
robisTvis im jgufs, romelic asaxavs da amtkicebs am Rirebulebebs. amdenad me koncefcia da
socialuri identuroba urTierT adetermineben da amtkiceben.
socialuri identurobis umravlesi kvlevebi fokusirebulia eTnikur identurobaze eTnikuri
identuroba aris individis mes codnis nawili, romelic exeba misi garkveuli eTnikuri jgufis
wevrobas. amitom mes_ grZnobis Camoyalibebam SeiZleba warmoSvas garkveuli sakiTxebi da
problemebi umciresobis jgufis wevrebisTvis. magaliTad afro_amerikelebisaTvis, azieli
amerikelebisaTvis, aborigeni amerikelebisaTvis da a.S. , mozardobisa da adreuli axalgazrdo- bis periodSi roca xdeba me- koncefciis Camoyalibeba, SeiZleba Zneli iyos eTnikuri fonis
morgeba mTavar kulturasTan . mTavar kulturasTan morgebis procesSi zogierTma SeiZleba
SeZlos rogorc mTavar kulturasTan ise sakuTar eTnikur jgufTan identifikacia, romelic
qmnis e.w. bikulturul an integrirebul identurobas. zogierTi SesaZloa axdens Zlier eT-
nikur identurobas(sakuTar jgufTan) magram sust kavSirs amJRavnebs umravlesobis kultu-
rasTan da viRebT e.w. separatiul identurobas. Tu individi uars ambobs sakuTar eTnikur
memkvidreobaze mTavari kulturis sasargeblod, amboben rom moxda asimilacia. SeiZleba
moxdes, rom individma ganaviTaros susti kavSirebi rogorc sakuTar eTnikur ase mTavar kul-
turasTan da Tavi igrZnos orive kulturis gareT myofad.
kvlevebi aCveneben, rom identifikaciaSi es gansxvavebebi mniSvnelovania radgan maTze
dayrdnobiT SeiZleba viwinaswarmetyveloT kontaqtebis raodenoba, romelic individebs aqvT
TavianT eTnikur jgufTan da mTavar kulturasTan. kulturaTa Soris urTierTobis da ur-
TierT morgebis, umciresobis kulturis umravlesobasTan adaptaciis udidesi mniSvnelobis
gamo gaCnda interesi gaerkviaT ra gansazRvravs adamianebis eTnikur an rasiul jgufTan myar
identifikacias. kvlevebma aCvena, rom afro_amerikuli kolejis studentebi romelTa mSoblebi
iyvnen umetesad Savkaniani organizaciis wevrebi romlebic ganicdian rasizmis an rasiuli
prejudisebis gavlenas ufro advilad iRebdnen afro amerikul fons rogorc Zlier saxes ma-
Tive koncefciisa. aRmoCnda, rom eTnikurobasTan dakavSirebul aqtiobaSi monawileoba da ro-
melic ganxilul iqna garkveuli maneriT eTnikuri an rasiuli fonis gamo, kvebavs eTnikuri
identurobis grZnobas. arsebobs mosazreba, rodesac prejudisebis an diskriminaciis gamo-
cdilebiT eTnikuri identuroba izrdeba, individebs uyalibdebaT ufro Raribi me-koncefcia an
dabali TviT_Sefaseba, magram mTeli rigi kvlevebi am faqts ar adastureben. erTi sityviT
marTalia arsebobs azrTa sxvadasxvaoba am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT magram mkvlevarebi ixrebian
iqiTken,rom rodesac individebi iReben negatiur ukukavSirs maTi rasiuli da eTnikuri iden-
turobis gamo is Tavis TviTSefasebis dacvis mizniT prjudisebis atribucias axdens Semfa-
seblebTan, rom es maT axasiaTebT prejidusebi da arafer SuaSia maTi sakuTari maxasiaTeblebi.
rom SevajamoT sakuTari mes codna emyareba mraval wyaros: adrindeli socializacia, re-
fleqsirebuli Sefaseba, ukukavSiri sxvebidan, TviTaRqma, sxvebisgan gansxvavebuloba, so-
cialuri Sedareba da socialuri jgufis wevroba (socialuri identuroba). zogjer SesaZloa
Cven viciT vin varT imis codnis gareSe Tu saidan modis es codna.
mes_codnis aspeqtebi
dgeba sakiTxi ra formas iRebs Cveni codna sakuTari mes Sesaxeb, anu rwmenebi romlebic Cven
gvaqvs sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb rogoraa warmodgenili cnobierebaSi?
mes sqema rogorc adre avRniSneT sqema aris kogniciis organizebuli, struqturirebuli wyeba
ama Tu im koncefciis an stimulis Sesaxeb. ise rogorc adamianebs aqvT kogniciis organizebu-
li sistema (sqema) imaze Tu ras warmoadgenen sxva adamianebi da movlenebi, adamianebs aqvT
aseTive sqema Tavis Tavis Sesaxeb. e.w. me-sqemebi aRwers im ganzomilebebs ra ganzomilebebiTac
isini fiqroben TavianTi Tavis Sesaxeb. mag. SeiZleba individi TavisTavs ganixilavs damoukide-
blobis miRwevisa da misi demonstrirebis ganzomilebaSi, rom uars ambobs mSoblebisagan mii- Ros fuladi daxmareba swavlis gasagrZeleblad an SeiZleba individi TavisTavs Tvlis ufro
damokidebulad sxvebze, bevrs fiqrobs imaze Tu rogor daicvas Tavisi uSiSroeba, zrunavs
imaze rom yavdes mis irgvliv adamianebi, romlebsac SeiZleba daeyrdnos da a.S. aseT SemTxveva-
Si amboben rom adamians gaaCnia sakuTari mes Zlieri sqema, romelsac mimarTeba aqvs damoukide-
bloba-damokidebulebis ganzomilebasTan. meores mxriv, am ganzomilebas SeiZleba individ-
isTvis ar hqondes didi mniSvneloba. aseT SemTxvevaSi sakiTxebis ganxilvis procesSi individi
ar gamoiyenebs am sqemebs. Sesabamisad individi SeiZleba aRwerili iqnas rogorc adamiani ro-
melsac ar gaaCnia `damoukidebloba-damokidebulebis~ ganzomilebis sqema.
adamianebi eyrdnobian sqemebs im ganzomilebaSi, romlebic miaCniaT maTTvis gan-
sakuTrebiT mniSvnelovnad. Tu damoukidebloba individisTvis aris mniSvnelovani da fiqrobs,
rom aris ukiduresad damoukidebeli es niSnavs, rom is axdens TavisTavis Sesaxeb mniSvnelo-
vani codnis akumulirebas am sakiTxSi. is darwmunebuli iqneba, rom arasodes ar mimarTavs
sxvas daxmarebisaTvis. rodesac adamians aqvs sqema garkveul ganzomilebaSi, es exmareba mas
moaxdinos situaciis identifikacia rogorc relevanturi am ganzomilebisa. magaliTad Tu in-
dividi TavisTavs ganixilavs rogorc damoukidebels, is advilad SeamCnevs, rom rTuli in-
struqciis mqone axali stereo sistemis yidva misi awyobisTvis moiTxovs damoukidebel qcevas.
ufro metic, imis gacnobiereba, rom situacia aris sqemis relevanturi, gaxdeba individis
qcevis ganmsazRvreli. amrigad unda moxdes ara marto imis gacnobiereba, rom situacia moiTx-
ovs damoukidebel qcevas, aramed imasac, rom individi marto darCeba am rTuli instruqciis
winaSe da unda aawyos is.
adamianebs sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb SeiZleba agreTve hqondeT kargad Camoyalibebuli,
sakmaod organizebuli rwmenebi, TavianTi uaryofiTi Tvisebebis Sesaxeb. magaliTad adamiani,
romelic Tvlis rom zedmetad Warbi wona aqvs, advilad SeamCnevs, rom situacia romelic
WamasTanaa dakavSirebuli, misTvis mniSvnelovania. is daiwyebs Tavisi menius dagegmvas, sakvebis
kaloriulobis gamoTvlas da a.S. adamiani romelsac aqvs wonasTan dakavSirebuli sqema ufro
aqcevs yuradRebas sxva adamianis wonasTan dakavSirebul qcevebs.
adamianebs aqvT me-koncefcia ara marto TavianTi myari TvisebebTan mimarTebaSi aramed im
TvisebebTan mimarTebaSic rogorebic SesaZloa mniSvnelovani pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebi
gaxdnen odesme momavalSi. am koncefciebs uwodeben SesaZlebel `me~-s. eseni SeiZleba iyvnen
miznebi da rolebi, romliskenac miiswrafian adamianebi. es SeiZleba iyos studentis survili
gaxdes fsiqologi da a.S. umravlesoba SesaZlebeli me-Cveulebriv pozitiuria. rac miuTiTebs
imaze, rom adamianebi TavianT momavals upiratesad dadebiTi SinaarsebiT xedaven Sevsebuls.
Tumca zogierTi SesaZlebeli me SesaZloa asaxavdes SiSs an eWvs momavalTan dakavSirebiT. Ses-
aZlebeli `me~ – moqmedebs iseve rogorc Cveulebrivi sakuTari `me~ sqemebi. SesaZlebeli `me~
sqemac exmareba adamians miznebis dasaxvaSi, qcevebis CamoyalibebaSi, romlebic daexmareba
miznebis ganxorcielebaSi.
amrigad, sakuTari `me~-s sqemebs, SesaZlebeli `me~-s CaTvliT aqvs mravali mniSvnelovani
funqcia. individs, codna sakuTari pirovnuli Tvisebebis Sesaxeb , exmareba swrafad gansazRv-
ros aris Tu ara situacia relevanturi. sqemebi exmareba individs gaixsenon sqemebis Sesabamisi
informacia, Seafasos adrindeli qcevis mniSvneloba da miiRos gadawyvetileba, romelic war-
marTavs momaval qcevas.
Sinagani winaaRmdegoba. sakuTari `me~-s kidev erTi aspeqti romelic gavlenas axdens individis
azrovnebasa da qcevaze, aris winaaRmdegoba, romelic arsebobs imaT Soris rasac warmoadgens
individi faqtiurad da rogoric unda rom iyos an fiqrobs rom unda iyos. varaudoben, rom
aseTi winaaRmdegoba faqtiur da idealur `me~-s Soris iZleva Zlier emociebs. rodesac indi- vidi ganicdis gansvlas mis pirovnuli Tvisebebsa da imas Soris rogoric surs idealurad
iyos (idealuri me ), is ganicdis imedgacurebas, daukmayofileblobas. erTi sityviT, varau-
doben rom gansvla realur me-sa da imas Soris rogoric vfiqrobT rom unda viyoT (unda vi-
yoT `me~), warmoSobs emociebs rogoricaa SiSi da SfoTva. miuxedavad imisa , rom sakuTar `me~- s Sesaxeb rwmenebi droTa ganmavlobaSi icvleba, aRmoCnda, rom idealuri `me~-s da unda iyos
`me~-s gamoyeneba da Sinagani winaaRmdegobis zegavlena individis sakuTari Tavis grZnobaze
sakmaod myari rCeba.
TviTregulacia exeba adamianis unars daakontrolon da warmarTon sakuTari aqtiobebi.
Cveulebriv adamianebs aqvT Semonaxuli uamravi informacia Tavis Tavis, pirovnuli maxasi-
aTeblebis, miznebisa da survilebis, momavalSi TavisTavze koncefciis Sesaxeb. dgeba sakiTxi,
rogoraa isini dakavSirebuli individis mimdinare grZnobebTan da aqtiobebTan? rogorc
vxedavT sakiTxi exeba imas Tu sakuTari me-(self) rogor aregulirebs azrovnebas, emocias da aq-
tiobas socialur situaciaSi. es sakiTxi ki ganixileba egerdwodebul moqmedi me-koncefciis
cnebasTan mimarTebaSi.
moqmedi me-koncefcia. Tu me-koncefiis romeli aspeqti axdens gavlenas azrovnebaze da mimdi- nare qcevaze umTavresad damokidebulia imaze me-koncefciis romeli aspeqtia konkretuli
situaciis relevanturi. me-koncefiis im aspeqts, romelic konkretuli situaciis relevanturia
uwodeben moqmed me-koncefcias. mag. studentis sauniversiteto cxovrebaSi (vTqvaT seminarebze,
leqciebze). azrebisa da grZnobebis determinaciaSi dominirebuli iqneba e.w. akademiuri `me~ ,
magram Tu saqme exeba kvira dRis qalaqgare piknikis organizacias, dominanturi gaxdeba so- cialuri `me~. amrigad moqmedi `me~-koncefciis mniSvneloba ganisazRvreba imiT rom is emyareba
individis zogad me-koncefcias, magram is qcevas warmarTavs specifikur situaciaSi da amasTan
Tavis mxriv icvleba situaciis gavleniT.
moqmedi me-koncefcia zogejr SeiZleba winaaRmdegobaSi movides zogad me-koncefciasTan.
mag. Tu gaixsenebT roca uTanxmoeba da uxeSi kamaTi gqondaT megobarTan , eCxubeT kidec mas
aRmoaCineT, rom amis Semdeg Tqven ver grZnobdiT Tavs kargad, magram , Tqven albaT gaqvT sta-
biluri grZnoba Tqveni Tavis Sesaxeb- rom xarT kargi pirovneba, romelTanac urTierToba ad-
vilia. im kerZo SemTxvevis Semdeg , SesaZloa Tundac ramdenime saaTis an dRis ganmavlobaSi
sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb ar gqondeT maincdamainc kargi azri. magram garkveuli drois Semdeg
Tqven bazisuri me-koncefcia imarjvebs da sakuTar Tavs ganixilavT isev dadebiTi maxasi-
aTeblebiT. miuxedavad im faqtisa , rom SeiZleba iyos SemTxvevebi roca Tqven ar xarT aseTi.
aRmoCnda, rom miuxedavad amisa cvlileba moqmed me-koncefciaSi gamoiwvevs cvlilebas
bazisur me koncepciaSi Tu moqmedi me koncepcia droSi stabiluri gaxdeba. mag. studenti
swavlis periodSi, SeiZleba ar Tvlides, rom is bunebiT aris avtoritari, magram Tu swavlis
damTavrebis Semdeg iwyebs muSaobas garkveuli jgufis xelmZRvanelad da es gagarZldeba
TviTregulacia
sakmaod xangrZlivad SesaZloa avtoritarizmi gaxdes misi me-koncefciis mniSvnelovani kompo-
nenti. is ar iyo avtoritari, magram gaxda imitom rom aRmoCnda situaciaSi romelic aRZravs
avtoritarul maneras. moqmedi me-koncefcia gaxda bazisuri koncefciis komoponenti.
me koncefciis kompleqsuroba. sakuTari me-s kidev erTi aspeqti, romelic mniSvnelovania
TviTregulaciisTvis aris me-s kompleqsuroba. zogierTs Tavis Tavi gaazrebuli aqvs erTi an
ori dominirebuli TvisebiT maSin roca zogierTi Tavis Tavs ganixilavs mravali pirovnuli
Tvisebebis TvalsazrisiT. mag. studentma SeiZleba gaiazros TavisTavi umTavresad rogorc
studenti da mTeli misi yuradRebisa da rwmenis fokusireba moaxdinos imaze , Tu ramdenad
kargad axerxebs swavlas, codnis SeZenas. maSin roca sxvam SeiZleba TavisTavi gaiazros
rogorc studenti da amave dros rogorc Svili, rogorc megobari, rogorc sportuli gundis
wevri da a.S. saintereso mosazreba SemogvTavazes mkvelavrebma martivi da rTuli me- koncefciis individebs Soris gansxvavebis analizisas.
varaudoben, rom martivi me-koncefciis mqone individebs maTTvis mniSvnelovan sferoSi
warmateba udides biZgs aZlevs SemdgomisTvis. magram, sakmaod mowyvladni arian waru-
mateblobis mimarT. mag. studenti, romelsac mTeli yuradReba gamocdebze miRebul niSnebze
aqvs mimarTuli da iRebs dabal niSans, SeiZleba amis gamo gaxdes Zalian daTrgunvili. maSin,
roca studenti, romelsac rTuli me-koncefcia aqvs SeiZleba erT sferoSi gancdili marcxis
kompensacia moaxdinos im sixaruliT romelsac sxva sferoSi warmatebisagan iRebs. amdenad me- koncefciis sirTulis pozitiurobam SeiZleba imoqmedos rogorc damcavma meqanizmma stresul
situaciaSi. aman SeiZleba daxmareba gauwios adamians mouaros depresias. warumatebloba
cxovrebis erT sferoSi naklebad damarRvevelia pirovnebisaTvis Tu cxovrebis sxva aspeqtebi
sixarulis da warmatebis momtania.
gamokvlevebi aCveneben rTuli me-koncefciis, rogorc dacviTi meqanizmis mniSvnelobas
adamianebis warumateblobis SemTxvevaSi. magram xazgasmulia agreTve, rom aseT dacviT fun-
qcias asrulebs mxolod da mxolod pozitiuri rTuli me-koncefcia. negatiuri rTuli me- koncefciebi, ki piriqiT warmoadgenen risk faqtorebs romlebsac depresiisken mivyavarT.
TviT-efeqturoba da pirovnuli kontroli. sakuTari `me~-s erTerTi aspeqti romelic gavlenas
axdens TviT-regulaciaze aris `me~-s efeqturobis rwmena, anu molodini, rom vflobT
garkveuli amocanebis Sesasruleblad Sesatyvis unarebs (bandura, 1986). gveqneba Tu ara survi-
li ganvaxorcielod garkveuli aqtioba, SevecdebiT Tu ara garkveuli amocanis ganxor-
cielebas, davisaxavT Tu ara garkveul miznebs aRmoCnda rom damokidebulia imaze viqnebiT Tu
ara darwmunebuli amocanis efeqturad SesrulebaSi. studenti, romelic aRmoCndeba garkveuli
amocanis winaSe, Tu aqvs Tavisi unarebis rwmena am amocanis efeqturad Sesrulebisa, ufro ad-
vilad gadawyvets daiwyos misi ganxorcieleba vidre is studenti, romelic eWvobs sakuTar
unarebze. mkvlevarebi mividnen im daskvnamde, rom warmateba-marcxis adrindeli gamocdileba
gansazRvravs TviT-efeqturobis sakmaod stabiluri koncefciis Camoyalibebas cxovrebis gan-
sxvavebul sferoebSi.
saWiroa aRiniSnos isic, rom TviT-efeqturobis rwmena aris sakmaod specifikuri da da-
kavSirebulia individis unarebis warmodgenasTan ganaxorcielos garkveuli qcevebi. amdenad es
ar aris ubralod kontrolis zogadi grZnoba. mag. gvinda gavigoT individi ramdenad gulmodg-
ined iSromebs raTa moxvdes fexburTis gundSi, saWiroa vicodeT misi rwmena am sferoSi mis
efeqturobaze da ara saerTod misi pirovnuli efeqturobis grZnoba.
TviTcnobiereba. TviTregulaciaze gavlenas axdens agreTve yuradRebis mimarTuleba, kerZod
yuradReba mimarTulia SigniT, sakuTar meze Tu garemoze. Cveulebriv adamianis yuradReba
garesamyaroskenaa mimarTuli, magram zogjer xdeba yuradRebis Semobruneba sakuTar meze.
samyaroSi garkveuli gamocdileba Cvens yuradRebas avtomaturad warmarTavs sakuTar mesken.
aseTi gamocdilebaa sakuTari mzeris daWera sarkeSi, roca fotosuraTs gviReben, an ufro fa-
qizad roca Cven gvafaseben sxva adamianebi, an roca ubralod jgufur situaciaSi aRmovCndebiT
umciresobaSi. aseT situaciaSi Cven Cvens Tavs vxedavT ara rogorc moqmeds, aramed rogorc
sakuTari an sxva adamianebis yuradRebis obieqts. esaa mdgomareoba romelsac TviTcnobierebas
uwodeben. Cveulebriv, TviTcnobiereba ubiZgebs adamians Tavisi qceva Seafasos ama Tu im
standartebTan mimarTebaSi da aamoqmedebs adaptaciis procesebs am standartebis Sesatyvisad. sakuTar meze yuradReba aiZulebs adamians TavisTavi Seadaros fizikur da gonebriv
standartebs an moralur Rirebulebebs. adamianebi cdiloben Seesabamebodnen garkveul
standartebs, TavianTi qcevebi Seafason am standartebTan mimarTebaSi, miiRon gadawyvetilebebi
romlebic am standartebs Seesabamebian. da es grZeldeba sanam ar mivlen standartebTan srul
SesatyvisobaSi. am process uwodeben ukukavSirs, xolo Teoriam TviTregulaciis kibernetikuli
Teoriis saxelwodeba miiRo.
raTa gasagebi gaxadon Tu yuradRebis sakuTar meze fokusireba ratomaa mniSvnelovani
TviTregulaciisaTvis miuTiTeben sakuTar meze fokusirebis rolze depresiaSi. mkvlevarebi
amtkiceben, rom SfoTvas an depresias SeuZlia yuradRebis myari fokusireba sakuTar `me~-ze da
amdenad Seamciros efeqturi qcevis kontrolirebis unari garkveuli amocanis Sesrulebisas.
e.i. xels uSlis individis aqtivobas socialur garemoSi. amas xsnian imiT, rom daTrgunuli
mdgomareoba iwvevs sakuTar `me~-ze pesimistur fokusirebas. warumateblobaze sapasuxod imed
gacruebuli adamiani yuradRebas sul ufro da ufro mimarTavs Sinagan samyaroze, gansxvavebiT
warmatebuli adamianisgan. individi, romelic yuradRebas mudmivad sakuTar `me~-ze mimarTavs,
amiT is faqtiurad fokusirebuli xdeba Tavis faqtiur qcevasa da sasurvel mdgomareobas So- ris winaaRmdegobaze. radganac ver poulobs qcevis formas, romelic Seamcirebs am
winaaRmdegobas, yovelive es TandaTanobiT ganapirobebs sakuTari `me~-s Sesaxeb negatiuri xatis
Camoyalibebas. amdenad, depresiuli stili, romlisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia yuradRebis
fokusireba sakuTar `me~-ze, ganixileba rogorc faqtori, romelic xels uwyobs da aZlierebs
kidec ukve arsebul depresiul mdgomareobas.
adamianebs erTmaneTisgan ganasxvaveben imis mixedviT Tu ra xarisxSi aqceven isini yur-
adRebas sakuTari Tavis sazogadoebriv da piradul aspeqtebs. am gansxvavebas uwodeben sazoga-
doebriv da piradul TviTcnobierebas. maRali sazogadoebrivi TviTcnobierebis adamianebs Zi-
riTadad aRelvebT avtonomiurobis da identurobis sakiTxebi. maT gamudmebiT aRelvebT is Tu
ras fiqroben rogori warmodgena aqvT sxvebs maTze. adamianebi, romlebsac aqvT maRali pirad-
uli TviTcnobiereba gamudmebiT axdenen sakuTari Tavis analizs, bevrs fiqroben TavianT
Tavze, ufro yuradRebiani arian sakuTari Sinagani gancdebis mimarT. maRali piraduli
TviTcnobierebis adamianebs aqvT sakuTari `me~-s gamokveTili sqema, maT ukeT ician sakuTari
midrekilebebi. individebi, kargad Camoyalibebuli sazogadoebrivi `me~-Ti met mniSvnelobas sa-
kuTar pirovnul ganwyobebs (atitudebs) aniWeben, magram roca maTi yuradReba gareTaa mimar-
Tuli , isini meti albaTobiT socialur normebs aniWeben mniSvnelobas.
TviTcnobierebis sazogadoebriv da piradul formebs garkveuli mniSvneloba aqvs qcevi-
saTvis. rodesac individi sazogadoebrivi cnobierebiT acnobierebs sakuTar `me~-s isini
Seecdebian TavianTi qcevis adaptirebas ise rom Seesabamebodnen garegan standartebs, sxva ada-
mianebis Rirebulebebs, ganwyobebs da gansakuTrebiT maSin roca maT aqvT pirovnuli
TviTcnobierebis dabali done. amisgan gansxvavebiT, rodesac piraduli TviTcnobierebis mqone
individi acnobierebs sakuTar `me~-s isini Sinagani miznebis da rwmenebisadmi iqnebian ufro
yuradRebiT da amdenad ufro Seecdebian iyvnen piraduli standartebis Sesatyvisi.
TviTcnobierebis Sefasebis skala
miuTiTeT eTanxmebiT (diax) Tu ara (ara) qvemoT Camoyalibebul debulebebs.
1. me yovelTvis vcdilob gamovirCeode
2. me vzrunav sakuTar stilze, roca rames vakeTeb.
3. mTlianobaSi me arc ise kargad maqvs gacnobierebuli Cemi Tavi.
4. me bevrs vfiqrob Cems Tavze.
5. me vzrunav formaze Tu rogor vaxden sakuTari Tavis prezentacias.
6. me mawuxebs is rogorc gamoviyurebi.
7. me detalurad arasodes ar vimecneb (Seviswavli) sakuTar Tavs.
8. Cveulebriv me yuradRebiani var sakuTari grZnobebis mimarT.
9. Cveulebriv me vzrunav imaze, rom davtovo kargi STabeWdileba.
Tu eTanxmebiT 1,4, da 8 da ar eTanxmebiT 3 da 7 debulebebs es imas niSnavs, rom Tqveni
maCvenebeli piraduli TviTcnobierebisa maRalia. Tu Tqven eTanxmebiT 2,5,6 da 9 debulebebs,
es imas niSnavs, rom Tqveni sazogadoebrivi TviTcnobierebis maCvenebeli maRalia.
es debulebebi aris nawili TviTcnobierebis sakvlevi skalisa.
motivacia da sakuTari `me~ (Self)
garda zemoT ganxiluli sakiTxebisa, romlebic dakavSirebulia me koncefciis
problemebTan, mniSvnelovania agreTve im motivebis codna, romlebsac TviTregulacia
marTavs. saerTod adamianebi miiswrafian zust, myar da pozitiuri me-koncefciisaken da
miiswrafian situaciisaken, romelic mxars dauWers me-koncefciis am aspeqtebs.
zusti me-koncefciis moTxovnileba. raTa Cveni qcevebis Sedegebi gavxadoT
winaswarmetyvelebadi da kontrolirebadi, saWiroa gvqondes sakuTari unarebis zusti Se-
faseba. miuTiTeben, rom im faqtorebis ar arsebobisas, romlebic aRZraven adamianebs
`SeinarCunon saxe~ an miaRwion warmatebas, isini irCeven amocanebs, romlis Sesrulebisas
isini TavianTi unarebis Sesaxeb miiReben maqsimalur informacias. aseT amocanebs uwodeben
diagnostikur amocanebs (Trope, 1983). mag. Tu kolejis students surs icodes aris Tu ara
kargi mocekvave, is ar wava bavSvTa sacekvao klasSi an profesionali balerinebis Seji-
brebaze. misi cekvis unarebisaTvis diagnostikuri iqneba kolejis sacekvao klubis situacia.
troupis azriT amocanis SerCevisTvis sakuTari `me~-s zusti codna warmoadgens mniSvnelo-
van madeterminirebel faqtors.
9
myari-me koncefciis moTxovnileba. zusti me-koncefciis moTxovnilebasTna dakavSirebulia
moTxovneileba gvondes mes Sesaxeb grZnoba rom is aris myari, konsistenturi. aRmoCnda, rom
adamianebs aqvT moTxovnileba qondeT SedarebiT myari, stabiluri Tvisebebi. Sesabamisad mi- uTiTben rom adamianebi miiswrafian situaciisken romlebic Seesabamebian maT me koncefcias
da gaurbian situacias romlebic maT me koncefcias ar Seesabamebian. am process uwodeben
sakuTari me-verifikacias (Self-verification). Swann da Read –ma TavianT kvlevebSi daadastures
rom sxvebTan urTierTobebSi adamianebi iyeneben qceviseul strategiebs romlebic maT me- koncefcias Seesabamebian. rom adamianebi gaazrebulad irCeven moqmedebas, romelic adas-
turebs sakuTar meze arsebul warmodgenas. es warmodgena gansakuTrebiT aSkaraa, roca ada-
mianebi Tvlian, rom adamianebs maT Sesaxeb araswori warmodgena aqvT Camoyalibebuli.
adamianis moTxovnileba dainaxos Tavisi `me~ rogorc myari vrceldeba TviTregulaciis
sxva aspeqtebzec. aRmoCnda , rom Cveni urTierTqmedeba im adaminebTan romlebic iseve aR-
gviqvaven Cven rogorc Cven aRviqvavT Cven Tavs, metnaklebad SerCeviTia. SesaZlebelia, rom ada-
mianebi specialurad arCeven TavianT Cacmulobas da arCeven niSnebs an simboloebs TavianTi
tansacmlisTvis romlebic miuTiTeben imaze Tu ras warmoadgenen isini,. mag. Tu individs surs
masze ifiqron rom is aris sporcmeni, is iwyebs ufro sportuli tansacmlis tarebas.
myari me-koncefciis moTxovnileba SesaZloa ise Zlieri gaxdes rom gavlena iqonios in-
dividis janmrTelobaze . roca adamianis cxovrebaSi mravali negatiuri movlenebi xdeba,
SeiZleba is daavaddes. erTerTi axsna am faqtisa mdgomareobs imaSi, rom negatiuri gancdebi
SeuTavsebelia adamainis sakuTari me-sadmi pozitiur warmodgenasTan ramac SesaZloa gam- oiwvios stresi. gamoiTqva mosazreba, rom stresis arakeTilsasurveli gavlenis aseTi axsna Tu
sworia, maSin adamianebi romlebsac negatiuri warmodgena aqvT sakuTar Tavze SeiZleba daa-
vaddnen pozitiuri sasicocxlo movlenebis Sedegadac. es imas niSnavs, rom aseT adaminebSi
bednierma SemTxvevebma SeiZleba gamoiwvios stresi da Sesabamisad maTi avadmyofoba, imitom
rom pozitiuri movlenebi Seusabamo arian sakuTari Tavis SefasebasTan. aRniSnuli sakiTxi
braunma da mak-gilma ikvlies studentebSi. kvlevebma aCvenes, pozitiuri (bednieri)
cxovrebiseuli movlenebi Seesatyvisebian daavadebas im studentebSi romlebisTvisac damaxasi-
aTebeli iyo dabali TviTSefaseba. maSin roca maRali TviTSefasebi studentebisaTvis poziti-
uri cxovrebiseuli movlenebi asocirebuli iyo janmrTelobis karg maCveneblebTan. yovelive
zemoT-Tqmulidan gamomdinareobs,rom adamianebi bevr dros xarJaven im situaciebisa da qcevis
formebis ZiebaSi, romlebic Seesatyvisebian maT me-koncefcias. magram miuTiTeben, rom faqtiu-
rad es ase ar aris. umetes SeTxvevaSi admianebs aqvT SesaZlebloba SeinarCunon TavianTi
TvalsazrisiT TavisTavis Sesaxeb raime aqtiuri cnobieri Zalisxmevis gareSe. sakuTari-me-s
konsistenturi grZnobis SenarCuneba xdeba ojaxSi, megobrebTan , TanamSromlebTan familarul
urTierTobebSi. magram, roca adaminebi sxvebisagan iReben gansxvavebul ukukavSirs, isini moti- virebulni xdebian, moaxdinon yuradRebis fokusireba me-koncefciisadmi muqaraze da amdenad
ganaxorcielos Zalisxmeva gaaqarwylos araswori Tvalsazrisi.
me-s srulyofa. adamianebs aqvT agreTve sakuTari Tavis srulyofis Zlieri moTxovnileba. ada-
mianebi Cveulebriv cdiloben miaRwion srulyofas im sferoSi ra sferoSic moRvaweoben. nega-
tiuri Sefasebis imsaxurebs e.w. `adgilze tkepnis~ grZnoba. dgeba sakiTxi, ra saxis infor-
maciiT da situaciiT vinteresdebiT, rodesac Cveni mizania TviTsrulyofa (self improvement).
rogorc adre aRvniSneT SesaZlebeli me-s cnebis SemotaniT xazi gaesva adamianis mier Tavis-
Tavis momavalSi xedvis mniSvnelobas. miuTiTeben , rom Cveni sasurveli moqmedebebis kargad
formulirebuli warmodgenebis wyalobiT SegviZlia davisaxoT Sesabamisi miznebi, mivaRwioT
warmatebebs dasaxuli miznebis ganxorcielebaSi da SevafasoT, is Tu ramdenad warmatebuli
varT dasaxuli miznebis miRwevaSi . amrigad SesaZlebeli `me~ gvaZlevs miznebis eqsplicitur
xedvas, romelsac momavlisaTvis visaxavT, da gvexmareba mis miRwevaSi.
TviTsrulyofa xels uwyobs agreTve sxva admianebTan socialur kontaqtebs. anu, Cveni Tavis sxvasTan, romelsac aqvs sasureli Tviseba da Cveva, Sedareba SeiZleba sasargeblo iyos
individis TviTsrulyofilebisaTvis. am process uwodeben srulyofaze mimarTul Sedarebas.
aRmoCnda, rom adamianebi romlebic Cveni azriT idealurad gamoxataven im Tvisebebs da Cvevebs
romlis miRwevac Cven gvsurs, warmoadgenen CvenTvis rogorc motivatorebs, ise ki im infor-
maciis wyaros, romelic sasargeblo aRmoCndeba TviTsrulyofisaTvis.
TviTSefasebis amaRleba(Self Enhancement). cxadia Cven gvWirdeba zusti da konsistenturi infor-
macia gvqondes Cveni unarebisa da azrebis Sesaxeb. Cven sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb warmodgenis,
sizustisa da konsistenturobis garkveuli xarisxis gareSe mowyvladni viqnebiT ganvaxor-
cieloT mkveTri msjelobebi da gadawyvetilebebi. rogorc mivuTiTeT adre, Cven agreTve
gvWirdeba davsaxoT miznebi, mivaRwioT daostatebas, movipovoT informacia , srulvyoT unarebi,
romlebic mniSvnelovania CvenTvis. adamianis TviTregulaciuri aqtiobebi sakmaodaa deter-
minirebuli moTxovnilebebiT vgrZnobdeT Tavs kargad, mivaRwioT da SevinarCunoT maRali – TviTSefaseba. amrigad TviTSefasebis amaRlebis (self enhancement) moTxovnileba miuTiTeben,
rom warmoadgens erTerT mniSvnelovan Tu ara yvelaze mniSvnelovan fenomens. gansakuTrebul
mniSvnelobas iZens is situaciaSi roca TviTSefasebas emuqreba saSiSroeba, an warumatebloba. erTerTi saSualeba, romliTac adamianebi ikmayofileben TavianT TviT gandidebis,
TviTSefasebis amaRlebis moTxovnilebas, aris tendencia gvqondes praadekvaturi poziciuri,
ramdenadme gazviadebuli warmodgena sakuTari unarebisa, talantisa da socialuri Cvevebis
Sesaxeb. teilori am tendencias uwodebs pozitiur iluzias. miuTiTeben rom sul mcire
arsebobs sami tipis pozitiuri iluzia: adamianebi TavianT Tavs afaseben ufro pozitiurad
vidre sinamdvileSi arian; adamianebs sjeraT rom SeuZliaT gaakontrolon movlenebi, rom-
lebic maT exebaT. sinamdvileSi ki es ase ar aris; da maTi optimizmi momavalTan mimarTebaSi
arc ise realuria. mag. rodesac studentebs sTxoves aReweraT TavianTi Tavi da sxvebi poziti-
uri da negatiuri pirovnuli niSnebis gamoyenebiT, umravlesoba TavisTavs ufro dadebiTad
aRwers vidre sxvebs. Cven Cveni Tavis Sesaxeb ufro gvaxsendeba dadebiTi informaciebi, xolo
negatiurebi advilad gvaviwydeba. Cven xSirad vixsenebT Cvens qcevas ufro pozitiurad, vidre
sinamdvileSi iyo. an kidev cxovrebis rTul momentSi aRmoCnda, rom gacilebiT Znelia aR-
vadginoT mexsierebaSi is garemoebebi romelSic ganvicadeT warumatebloba, vidre mivaRwieT
warmatebas.
aRmoCnda, rom Cvens TviTaRqmas tendencia aqvs iyos ufro pozitiuri vidre sxvebi aR-
gviqvamen. dgeba sakiTxi arsebobis raime pirobebi romelSic TavianT TviTSefasebaSi adamianebi
ufro gawonasworebulebi arian. Cveulebriv, adamianebi rodesac arian alternatiuli qcevebi-
dan arCevis situaciaSi, isini sakmaod zustni da TaviTavTan patiosanni arian. magram, rogorc
ki isini am amocanebis cxovrebaSi gatarebas daiwyeben, maTi pozitiuri iluziebi aSkara xdebi-
an. arsebobs monacemebi, rom dabali TviTSefasebis an msubuqi depresiis mqone individebi ufro
miukerZoeblebi arian TviTaRqmaSi,. e.i. maT naklebad aqvT pozitiuri iluziebi. isini Tanabrad
ixseneben rogorc pozitiur ise negatiur infomacias. maTi TviTSefaseba ufro axlosaa sxvebis
mier mocemul SefasebasTan. dgeba sakiTxi, ratom aqvT adamianebs TviTSefasebis pozitiuri
iluziebi? teilori da brauni (1188)varaudoben rom TviTgandidebas an pozitiur iluzias aqvs
adaptaciuri Rirebuleba. aRmoCnda, rom momavlisadmi ararealuri optimizmi da pirovnuli
kontrolis mcdari grZnoba exmareba adamians ufro dadebiTi warmodgena Seiqmnas Tavisi Tavis
Sesaxeb da dasaxos xangrZlivi gegmebi Tavisi miznebis misaRwevad. roca dadebiTi grZniba
gvaqvs sakuTar Tavze, varT bednierebi, Cveni socialuri urTierTobebi ufro sasurvelad mim-
dinareoben da vxdebiT ufro damxmare sxvebis mimarT. sakuTari Tavis mimarT kargi
damokidebuleba qmnis myar motivacias aqtiuri monawileoba miviRoT produqtiul da
SemoqmedebiT saqmianobaSi.
sakiTxi imis Sesaxeb, Tu romelia ufro mniSvnelovani adamianisTvis iyos zusti TiTSe-
fasebaSi, Tu qondes pozitiuri iluzia sakmao polemikuri gaxda. miuTiTeben, rom adamianebs
romlebic gamoirCevian cnobierebis intuitiuri wyobiT aqvT TiTgandidebis tendencia, xolo
cnobierebis analitikuri, racionaluri tipis adamianebi miiswrafian ufro zusti, myari infor-
maciisaken. Tvlian, rom motivaciis xarisxi mniSvnelovnad kulturazea damokidebuli . Seer- Tebul StatebSi (e.i. dasavlur kulturaSi ) adamianebs ufro midrekileba aqvT TviTSefasebis
amaRlebisaken, maSin roca iaponelebi (aRmosavluri kultura) miznad isaxaven TviTsrulyofis
amocanas, amitom maTgan ufro mosalodnelia TviTkritikuloba.
TviTregulaciiT marTul motivebs Soris metnaklebad kargadaa Seswavlili TviTSe-
fasebis amaRleba . amasTan dakavSirebiT arsebobs ramodenime Teoria:
1. TviT-ganmtkiceba(self affirmation). varaudoben, rom TviTgandidebis moTxovnileba gan-
sakuTrebiT gamokveTili xdeba muqaris pirobebSi. rodesac romelime mniSvnelovani amocanis
gadawyvetaSi warumateblobis gamo TviTpativiscema aRmoCndeba muqaris pirobebSi, adamianebi
cdiloben xazi gausvan an ama Tu im gziT ganamtkicon TavianTi dadebiTi Tvisebebi, raTa
moaxdinon warumateblobis konpensireba. mag. studenti, romelic Znelad axerxebs Seguebas ax-
al kolegebTan amayad iwyebs im Tavisi sportuli prizebis demonstrirebas, romelic miRebuli
hqonda saskolo cxovrebis periodSi. klod stilis (steele,1988) TviT-ganmtkicebis Teoria
iZleva myar safuZvels davuSvaT, rom adamianebi sakuTari Rirsebis grZnobisadmi muqaras
uvlian sakuTar me-s im aspeqtebis ganmtkicebiT, romlebic muqaris wyarosTan ar aris da-
kavSirebuli. saintereso eqsperimenti Caatares am prgramasTan dakavSirebiT braunma da smartma
(Braun , Smart., 1991). eqsperimentSi inteleqtis unarebis Sesamowmebeli cru testebiT ikvlies
maRali da dabali TviTpativiscemis mqone studentebi warmatebis da warumateblobis situa-
ciaSi. Semdeg subieqtebs Txovdnen SeefasebinaT TavianTi Tavi mTeli rigi zedsarTavebiT,
romlebic gamoxatavdnen pirovnul niSnebs. nawili zedsarTavebisa gamoxatavda socialur
Tvisebebs , xolo nawili-pirovnul maxasiaTeblebs da Tvisebebs ,romelic exeboda davalebas,
romlis SesrulebisaTvis subieqtebi iRebnen Sefasebas. maRali TviTpativiscemis mqone
subieqtebi, romlebmac ganicades warumatebloba, davalebis Sesrulebisas axdendnen TavianTi
socialuri Tvisebebis gadafasebas. es Sedegi Seesatyviseboda TviTganmtkicebis Teoriis
prognozebs. magram dabali TviTpativiscemis subieqtebma gaakeTes amis sawinaaRmdego. maT ga-
nazogades warumateblobis gamocdileba. maTi TviTSefaseba rogorc inteleqtualuri Tvisebeb-
isa ise socialuri moqmedebebisa iyo dabali. varaudoben, rom marTalia Teoriis mier Semo-
Tavazebuli debulebebi mTlianobaSi marTebulia, magram ufro samarTliania maRali TviTpa-
tiviscemis mqone individebis mimarT vidre dabali TviTpativiscemis mqone individebis mimarT.
2. taseris TviTSefasebis SenarCunebis modeli (tasser, 1988) . taserma da misma kolegebma
gaaanalizes kidev erTi socialuri meqanizmi riTac adamianebi inarCuneben TavianTi Tavis
Sesaxeb dadebiT STabeWdilebebs. kerZod ,rogor reagireben isini roca sxvebi emuqrebian an
amtkiceben maT pirovnuli `me~-s grZnobas. mag. rogor iqneba Tqveni, studentis, reaqcia roca
gaigeT, rom Tqvenma megobarma miiRo umaRlesi prizi studenturi naSromisaTvis. gagixarde-
bodaT Tqveni megobris warmateba da mouTmenlad mouyvebodiT sxvebs mis warmatebis Sesaxeb?
Tu dageuflebodaT Suris grZnoba da Tavs CaTvlidiT ubedurad radgan megobris aseTi war-
mateba gagrZnobinebdaT rom arc Tu ise warmatebuli studenti xarT. erTi sityviT sxva ada-
mianis warmateba ra SemTxvevaSi aamaRlebs Tqvens TviTSefasebas an ra SemTxvevaSi daemuqreba
Tqvens Rirsebas. swored am kiTxvebze iZleva pasuxs taseris TviTSefasebis mxardaWeris
modeli.
modelSi yuradReba gamaxvilebulia TviTSefasebis amaRlebis motivze. Cveni socialuri
wris wevrebis qcevam SeiZleba gavlena moaxdinos Cvens TviTSefasebaze, roca Cven fsiqolo-
giurad Zalian axlos varT masTan. modelSi aseTi siaxloveESeiZleba Camoyalibdes mag. mego-
barTan an axlo naTesavTan. amasTan axlobloba SeiZleba daefuZnos iseT maxasiaTeblebs
rogoricaa rasa, sqesi, religiuri aRmsarebloba an fizikuri siaxlove. erTi sityviT CvenTvis
axlobeli adamianebis qceva ufro Zlier axdens Cvenze gavlenas vidre fsiqologiurad
Cvengan daSorebuli adamianebi.
garda amisa taseri laparakobs situaciaze, romelSic sxva adamiani ukeTesad iqceva
vidre Cven. sxva adamianis qcevas naklebi mniSvneloba aqvs Cveni TviT SefasebisaTvis roca
misi SesaZlebloba aris saSualo an cudi. taseris azriT , kritikuli situacia iqmneba, roca
CvenTvis axlobeli adamiani davalebas asrulebs Zalian kargad. aseT situaciaSi ra gan-
sazRvravs Cvens reaqcias? gagviCndeba Cven siamayis grZnoba Tu Cveni Tavis masTan Sedarebas
eqneba negatiuri xasiaTi? miuTiTeben rom ZiriTad faqtors warmoadgens Seesabameba Tu ara
Sesafasebeli qceva Cvens TviT-definicias. Tu Cvens magaliTSi , studenti ocnebobs gaxdes
mowinave studenti, maSin informaciam, rom megobari masze warmmatebulia ukve emuqreba mis
TviTSefasebas da warmoSobs Suris da diskomfortis grZnobas. magram, Tu students arc Tu
ise awuxebs Tavisi unarebi da ar ganixilavs Tavis warmatebebs studentur saqmianobaSi
rogorc sakuTari `me~-sTvis Sesatyvis , maSin megobris warmateba masSi gamoiwvevs
kmayofilebas radgan is ar emuqreba mis TviT-Sefasebas.
ufro formalur terminebSi , Teoria SeiZleba Semdegnairad SevajamoT:
1. Sefasebis efeqti. roca sxva Cvenze ukeTesad asrulebs qcevas , romelic Cveni TviT gan-
sazRvris relevanturia, rac ufro ukeTesia misi Sesruleba da rac ufro axloa Cveni masTan
urTierToba , miT ufro didia TviTSefasebis muqara. Sedegad , ganvicdiT Surs, frustracias
da Tundac gabrazebasac ki .
2. refleqsiis efeqti. rodesac sxva ukeTesad asrulebs saqmes romelic Cveni TviT- gansazRvrebis irelevanturia, rac ufro ukeTesia misi Sesruleba da rac ufro mWidroa Cveni
masTan urTierToba, miT ufro SeiZleba miviRoT sargebeli TviTSefasebaSi. refleqsiis pro-
cess mivyavarT pozitiur grZnobamde da siamayemde, sxvisi warmatebis SemTxvevaSi.
adamianebs romelTa TviTSefaseba mcirdeba axlo megobris warmatebis Sedegad, SeuZliaT
Secvalon situacia da amiT Tavidan aicilon negatiuri grZnobebi. erT-erTi meTodi situaciis
Secvlisa warmatebul megobarTan fsiqologiuri siaxlovis xarisxis Semcirebaa. meore meTodi
iqneba , TviT-gansazRvrulobis Secvla. adamianma (Cvens magaliTSi studentma) SeiZleba CaT-
valos, rom warmatebuli studentoba bolosdabolos ar aris misi ambicia. Semdegi midgoma
SeiZleba iyos SesrulebaSi gansxvavebis Secvla. studentma SeiZleba gaaumjobesos studenturi
cxovreba meti mondomebiT da enTuziazmiT an daarwmunos Tavis Tavi, rom megobris warmateba
emyareboda sxva rames da ara mis unars.
amrigad individebis warmateba, romlebic fsiqologiurad axlos arian CvenTan SeiZleba gan-
sxvavebulad iqnas miRebuli. zogjer is SeiZleba miRebul iqnas siamovnebiT, zogjer ki iwvevs
tanjvas.
socialuri Sedarebis Teoria
rogorc adre mivuTiTeT socialuri Sedareba SeiZleba sakuTari Tavis codnis mniSvnelovani
wyaro iyos. roca gvinda vicodeT ramdenad gvaxasiaTebs esa Tu is Tviseba da obieqturi in-
formacia xelmiuwvdomelia, Cveni Tavis sxvasTan SedarebiT SegviZlia amis metnaklebi sizust-
iT gageba. es idea warmoadgens socialuri Sedarebis ZiriTad sakiTxs.
socialuri Sedarebis Teoriis avtoria leon festinjeri. misi azriT adamianebi motivirebuli
arian zustad Seafason TavianTi unarebis done da atitudebis siswore. amisaTvis isini TavianT
unarebs da atitudebs sxvebis unarebs da atitudebs adareben. socialuri Sedarebis Teoria
emyareba Semdeg ZiriTad debulebebs:
1 adamianebs aqvT moTxovnileba Seafason TavianTi azrebi da unarebi zustad.
2. uSualo fizikuri standartebis ararsebobisas , adamianebi TavianT Tavs sxva adami-
anebTan SedarebiT afaseben.
3 zogadad adamianebi arCeven TavianTi Tavi msgavs sxvas Seadaron.
festenjerma, Tavisi Sroma socialuri Sedarebis Sesaxeb gamoaqveyna 1994 wels. mas Semdeg dia-
pazoni socialuri Sedarebisa sakmaod Seicvala, gafarTovda da garTulda. dRes varaudoben ,
rom adamianebi ayalibeben SedarebiT Sefasebas aramarto TavianTi unarebisa da Tvalsazrisis
Sesaxeb aramed agreTve TavianT emociebze, pirovnebaze da iseT parametrebzec rogoricaa
prestiJi da xelfasi. socialuri Sefaseba gavlenas axdens socialuri cxovrebs mraval
aspeqtebze. mag. rwmena rom sakuTari socialuri an eTnikuri jgufi aris uares ekonomiur da
socialur mdgomareobaSi vidre sxva jgufebi, SeiZleba gaxdes ukamyofilebisa da jgufebs So- ris konfliqtis mizezi. da a.S.
socialuri Sedarebis mizani.
festinjeris azriT socialuri Sedarebis ZiriTadi mizania sizuste- dRes ki varaudioben, rom
socialuri Sefasebaze SeiZleba gansxvavebuli motivebi moqmedebdes da SeiZleba gansxvavebul
miznebs emsaxurebodes. esaa motivebi, romlebic farTe gagebiT aRZraven TviTregulaciis moTx-
ovnilebebs:
zusti TviTSefaseba. rogorc festinjeri miuTiTebda zogjer adamianebs surT icodnen sakuTa-
ri Tavis Sesaxeb simarTle Tundac, rom es informacia misTvis arakeTilsasurveli iyos. aseTi
uaryofiTi informacia individebs aRZravs TavianTi sisusteebis daZlevisTvis.
TviTSefasebis amaRleba. nacvlad imisa rom miiswrafodnen swori TviTSefasebisaken, xSirad
adamianebi miiswrafian Sedarebisken, romelic maT warmoaCens ufro keTilsasurvelad. mag.
studentma , romelic siZneleebs ganicdis romelime sagnis dauflebaSi SesaZloa xazi gaesvas
im faqts, rom man ukeT icis sxva sagani vidre im studentma, romelic CaiWra am saganSi.
TviTgandidebisken miswrafebam SeiZleba ubiZgos adamians moaxdinos socialuri Sedareba im
individTan romelic naklebad warmatebulni arian. nakleb warmatebul individTan Sedareba
adamians Tavs agrZnobinebs gamoiyurebodes ukeTesad .
TviTsrulyofa. rogorc avRniSneT zogjer adamianebi TavisTavs adareben adamianebs romlebic
maTi azriT warmatebis etalonebad iTvlebian. mag. warmatebuli moWadrake Tavis Wadrakul
kombinaciebs adarebs cnobili moWadrakeebis mier naTamaSev kombinaciebs raTa zustad Seafasos
Tavisi TamaSis done, iswavlos maTgan raime axali da a.S. ase rom TviT srulyofisaken mi-
swrafebam SeiZleba migviyvanos ufro warmatebul adamianebTan gazviadebul socialur Sedare-
bamde. ra Tqma unda arsebobs saSiSroeba, rom maRali warmatebis mqone sxvasTan Sedarebam Sea-
sustos an Caklas individSi Semdgomi moqmedebis survili da migviyvanos arakompetenturobis,
Suris da sircxvilis grZnobis Camoyalibebamde. aseTi gazviadebuli socialuri Sedareba
stimuls miscems ukeTesi Sesrulebisaken Tu ganaiaraRebs adamians damokidebulia imaze CaT-
vlis Tu ara is , rom ukeTesad Sesrulebis standartebi miRwevadia.
თვალები სიტყვებზე უკეთ მეტყველებს 
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